1.         Research a topic – Good speakers stick to what they know. Great speakers research what they need to convey their message.

2.         Focus – Help your audience grasp your message by focusing on your message. Stories, humour, or other “sidebars侧边栏” should connect to the core idea. Anything that doesn’t needs to be edited out.编辑中删除

3.         Organize ideas logically – A well-organized presentation can be absorbed吸收with minimal最小的 mental strain精神紧张. Bridging is key.

4.         Employ quotations, facts, and statistics – Don’t include these for the sake of including them, but do use them appropriately to complement your ideas.

5.         Master metaphors – Metaphors enhance the understandability of the message in a way that direct language often can not.

6.         Tell a story – Everyone loves a story. Points wrapped up in醉心于 a story are more memorable, too!

7.         Start strong and close stronger – The body of your presentation should be strong too, but your audience will remember your first and last words (if, indeed, they remember anything at all).

8.         Incorporate humour – Knowing when to use humour is essential. So is developing the comedic喜剧 timing to deliver it with greatest effect.

9.         Vary vocal pace, tone, and volume – A monotone 单调的voice is like fingernails on the chalkboard.

10.     Punctuate words with gestures – Gestures should complement your words in harmony. Tell them how big the fish was, and show them with your arms.

11.     Utilize 3-dimensional space – Chaining 束缚yourself to the lectern 讲台limits the energy and passion you can exhibit. Lose the notes, and lose the chain.

12.     Complement words with visual aids 可视化补充– Visual aids should aid the message; they should not be the message. Read slide:ology 学问or the Presentation Zen book and adopt the techniques.

13.     Analyze the audience – Deliver the message they want (or need) to hear.

14.     Connect with the audience – Eye contact is only the first step. Aim to have the audience conclude “This speaker is just like me!” The sooner, the better.

15.     Interact with the audience – Ask questions (and care about the answers). Solicit 选择volunteers. Make your presentation a dialogue.

16.     Conduct a Q&A session – Not every speaking opportunity affords a Q&A session, but understand how to lead one productively. Use the Q&A to solidify凝固 the impression that you are an expert, not (just) a speaker.

17.     Lead a discussion – Again, not every speaking opportunity affords time for a discussion, but know how to engage the audience productively.

18.     Obey time constraints – Maybe you have 2 minutes. Maybe you have 45. Either way, customize定做 your presentation to fit the time allowed, and respect your audience by not going over time.

19.     Craft精心 an introduction – Set the context and make sure the audience is ready to go, whether the introduction is for you or for someone else.

20.     Exhibit confidence and poise 镇静– These qualities are sometimes difficult for a speaker to attain, but easy for an audience to sense.

21.     Handle unexpected issues smoothly – Maybe the lights will go out. Maybe the projector投影仪 is dead. Have a plan to handle every situation.

22.     Be coherent when speaking off the cuff 即兴– Impromptu即兴 speaking (before, after, or during a presentation) leaves a lasting impression too. Doing it well tells the audience that you are personable, and that you are an expert who knows their stuff beyond the slides and prepared speech.

23.     Seek and utilize feedback – Understand that no presentation or presenter (yes, even you!) is perfect. Aim for continuous improvement, and understand that the best way to improve is to solicit 征求candid 坦率的feedback from as many people as you can.

24.     Listen critically and analyze other speakers – Study the strengths and weakness of other speakers.

25.     Act and speak ethically – Since public speaking fears are so common, realize the tremendous power of influence that you hold. Use this power responsibly.